Why you cannot just fetch the feed yourself
A browser refuses to let a page read a response from another origin unless that origin explicitly permits it, and essentially no feed publisher sends the header that would. This is the same-origin policy doing exactly its job - without it, any page you visited could read your webmail. The consequence is that a purely client-side feed reader is impossible, however simple the task looks.
Something server-side has to fetch the feed on your behalf, which is what this is. It is worth knowing that this is the reason, because people spend a surprising amount of time assuming the error is a bug in their code rather than a deliberate and non-negotiable rule of the platform.
RSS and Atom are two formats pretending to be one
They describe the same thing with different vocabularies. What RSS calls an item, Atom calls an entry. Dates are formatted to different standards. A link in Atom is an attribute on an element rather than the element content. Content and summary mean different things in each. Neither is better and publishers use both, sometimes without saying which.
Writing code that handles both means writing two parsers, or one parser full of conditionals that quietly breaks on a feed shaped slightly differently from the ones you tested. Normalising to a single shape means the format becomes the tool problem rather than yours, and a publisher switching formats does not break anything downstream.
What the JSON will and will not contain
Whatever the publisher put in the feed. Many feeds carry only a title, a link and a short summary rather than full article text - that is a deliberate choice by the publisher to bring readers to the site, not something a converter can undo. Some carry full content, some carry a truncated version, and some carry an empty description with everything in an extension element.
Fetch politely, too. A feed is a file on somebody else server, most are regenerated every few minutes at best, and polling one every thirty seconds costs them bandwidth and gains you nothing. Every fifteen minutes to an hour is ample for anything but breaking news.